Botulinum toxin type B for cervical dystonia
نویسندگان
چکیده
منابع مشابه
Botulinum toxin type B for cervical dystonia.
BACKGROUND Cervical dystonia is the most common form of focal dystonia. It is characterized by involuntary posturing of the head and frequently is associated with neck pain. Disability and social withdrawal are common. Most cases of cervical dystonia are idiopathic and generally it is a life-long disorder. In recent years, Botulinum toxin type A (BtA) has become the first line therapy. However,...
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Cervical dystonia, or torticollis, is perhaps the most common form of focal dystonia. The discovery that botulinum toxin was beneficial in the treatment of this disorder had a twofold impact. First, it silenced a small minority of physicians who believed that this disorder had a psychogenic basis despite convincing evidence to the contrary. Second, it alerted physicians to the broad potential o...
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The first-line treatment for cervical dystonia (CD) is botulinum toxin type A (BoNT-A), which has been established as a highly effective and well-tolerated therapy. However, this treatment is also complex and challenging to apply in clinical practice. Approximately 20% of patients discontinue therapy due to treatment failure, adverse effects, and other reasons. In addition, expert consensus rec...
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Botulinum neurotoxin (BoNT) types A, B, E, and F are toxic to humans; early and rapid detection is essential for adequate medical treatment. Presently available tests for detection of BoNTs, although sensitive, require hours to days. We report a BoNT-B sensor whose properties allow detection of BoNT-B within minutes. The technique relies on the detection of an agarose bead detachment from the t...
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ژورنال
عنوان ژورنال: Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews
سال: 2016
ISSN: 1465-1858
DOI: 10.1002/14651858.cd004315.pub3